Research on the Relationship Between Economic Policy Uncertainty and Executive Pay Gap
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54097/c7zz4r23Keywords:
Economic Policy uncertainty, Internal pay gap among executives.Abstract
In recent years, with the prosperity of China's economy and the increasing comprehensive national power, changes in macroeconomic policies have become more frequent, and the resulting external uncertainty has had a significant impact on firms' adjustment of their executive compensation gaps. This paper explores the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and the internal pay gap of corporate executives based on the data of 2009-2019 China's Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies. The study shows that economic policy uncertainty significantly widens the intra-executive pay gap, and there is significant heterogeneity in the nature of corporate ownership, board size, the size of the proportion of female executives and whether they are high-tech enterprises. Further analysis shows that it significantly reduces the external pay gap for executives. The findings of this paper improve the research on the impact of macroeconomic policy changes on executive compensation gap in micro enterprises in China, and also provide a reference for further promoting compensation system reform in China.
Downloads
References
[1] Chen Deqiu, Bu Dianlu. 2015. Management capability, power characteristics and pay gap [J]. Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, 37 (03): 91-101.
[2] Chen Zhen, Ling Yun. 2013. Corporate Risk, Property Rights Nature and Executive Compensation—Performance Sensitivity [J]. Economic Management, 35 (06): 54-61.
[3] Fang Junxiong. 2009. Do the salaries of senior executives in listed companies in our country have stickiness? [J]. Economic Research, 44 (03): 110-124.
[4] Fang Junxiong. 2011. Asymmetry of top management power and corporate salary changes [J]. Economic Research, 46 (04): 107-120.
[5] Wen Yu, Xi Xiong, Dingjian Lin. 2015. Gender of senior executives, power structure, and corporate unethical behavior: An empirical test based on PSM matched samples of listed companies' illegal operations [J]. Foreign Economics and Management, 37 (10): 18-31.
[6] Wang Hongjian, Li Qingyuan, Xing Fei. 2014. Economic policy uncertainty, cash holding levels and their market value [J]. Financial Research, 9: 53-68.
[7] Hao Weiya, Wei Wei, Wen Jun. 2016. How does economic policy uncertainty affect corporate innovation? —— From the perspective of the mechanism of real options theory [J]. Economic Management, 38 (10): 40-54.
[8] Jiang Teng, Zhang Yongji, Zhao Xiaoli. 2018. Economic policy uncertainty and corporate debt financing [J]. Management Review, 30 (03): 29-39.
[9] Liu Shaowei, Wan Dayan. 2013. An Empirical Study on Executive Compensation and Corporate Performance: A Comparison between State-owned and Non-state-owned Listed Companies [J]. China Soft Science, 2: 90-101.
[10] Lin Junqing, Huang Zuhui, Sun Yongxiang. 2003. Salary gap within top management teams, corporate performance, and governance structure [J]. Economic Research, 4: 31-40+92.
[11] Li Fengyu, Shi Yongdong. 2016. Economic policy uncertainty and corporate cash holding strategy: An empirical study based on the Chinese economic policy uncertainty index [J]. Journal of Management Science, 19 (06): 157-170.
[12] Lei Ting, Zhou Jiana. 2014. Equity Incentives, Executive Internal Pay Gap and Cost of Equity Capital [J]. Management Science, 27 (06): 12-26.
[13] Li Wenjing, Hu Yuming. 2012. Who is motivated by the salary gap within state-owned enterprises? [J]. Economic Research, 47 (12): 125-136.
[14] Li Wenjing, Cen Yongsi, Hu Yuming. 2014. Does External Pay Gap Motivate Senior Executives? An Empirical Study Based on the Managerial Market of Chinese Listed Companies and Property Rights Nature [J]. Nankai Business Review, 17 (04): 24-35.
[15] Liu Guangqiang, Kong Gaowen. 2018. Does Overseas Experience of Senior Executives Enhance Pay Gaps? Management World, 34 (08): 130-142.
[16] Lu Rui. 2007. Management Power, Pay Gap and Performance [J]. Southern Economy, 214 (07): 60-70.
[17] Miao Yi, Hu Yiming. 2016. Internal income inequality, defense motivation, and executive compensation defense [J]. Nankai Business Review, 19 (02): 32-41.
[18] Yubao Niu, Jing Zhao. 2012. Information Cost, Environmental Uncertainty, and Independent Director Premium [J]. Nankai Business Review, 15 (02): 70-80.
[19] Lao Pin, Yue Heng, Jiang Guohua. 2017. Research on the Uncertainty of Economic Policy and Corporate Investment Behavior [J]. World Economy, 40 (02): 27-51.
[20] Rao Pinggui, Xu Zhihui. 2017. Does economic policy uncertainty affect the change of corporate executives? [J]. Management World, 1: 145-157.
[21] Wang Xiaoyan, Zhang Ce. 2020. The Impact of Executive Compensation Gap on Enterprise Innovation Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis Based on Listed Companies [J]. Friends of Accounting, 636 (12): 112-118.
[22] Quan Xiaofeng, Wu Shinnong, Wen Fang. 2010. Management Power, Private Benefits, and Compensation Manipulation [J]. Economic Research, 45 (11): 73-87.
[23] Xu Yude, Yang Xiaoxuan, Liu Jianmin. 2022. Economic policy uncertainty, industry competition intensity, and the gap in executive compensation [J]. Journal of Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, 37 (05): 68-80.
[24] Yang Zhiqiang, Wang Hua. 2014. Analysis of the internal salary gap, equity concentration, and earnings management behavior in companies: A comparative analysis of salaries within the senior management team and between senior management and employees [J]. Accounting Research, 6: 57-65+97.
[25] Zhou Zejiang, Ma Jing, Hu Liu Fen. 2018. Research on the Risk Compensation Effect of Senior Management Compensation and Incentive System Design [J]. China Industrial Economy, 12: 152-169.
[26] Zhang Feng, Liu Xiyuan, Wu Lidong, Yin Xile. 2019. Product Innovation or Service Transformation: Economic Policy Uncertainty and Manufacturing Innovation Choice [J]. China Industrial Economy, 7: 101-118.
[27] Zhang Changzheng, Zhang Jiao. 2018. The Impact of Female Executives' Participation on the Internal Pay Gap in Enterprises [J]. Industrial Engineering and Management, 23 (06): 51-56+86.
[28] Zhou Lian'an. 2007. A Study on the Promotion Tournament Model of Local Officials in China [J]. Economic Research, 471 (07): 36-50.
[29] Baker, Scott R., Bloom, Nicholas, Davis, Steven J.. 2016. Measuring Economic Policy Uncertainty [J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 131 (4):1593-1636.
[30] Chan, L.K.C., Lakonishok, J., Sougiannis, T.. 2002. The Stock Market Valuation of Research and Development Expenditure [J]. The Journal of Finance, 56 (6): 2431-2456.
[31] Feng He, Yaming Ma, Xiaojie Zhang. 2020. How does economic policy uncertainty affect corporate Innovation?-Evidence from China listed companies [J]. International Review of Economics and Finance, 67: 225-239.
[32] Gulen, H., M.Ion. 2016. Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Investment [J]. Review of Financial Studies, 29: 523-564.
[33] KoEun Park. 2016. Pay disparities within top management teams and earning management [J]. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 36 (1): 59-81.
[34] Lazear, E.P., S.Rosen. 1981. Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts [J]. Journal of Political Economy, 89 (5): 841-864.
[35] Mingli Xu, Gaowen Kong, Dongmin Kong. 2017. Does wage justice hamper creativity? Pay gap and firm innovation in china [J]. China Economic Review, 44: 186-202.
[36] Pastor, L., P.Veronesi. 2013. Political Uncertainty and Risk Premia [J]. Journal of Financial Economics, 110 (3): 520-545.
[37] Yizhong Wang, Yueling Wei, Frank M. Song. 2017. Uncertainty and corporate R&D investment: Evidence from Chinese listed firms [J]. International Review of Economics and Finance, 47: 176-200.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.